The Nerve of Not Being Correct

I’ve received feedback like, ‘Not everything you believe is right’ and ‘What if you’re not right?’

First: I agree. Second: And what if I’m not?

This isn’t new feedback, but I’ll address it in terms of my latest work.

Audio: NotebookLM summary podcast

Not everything you believe is right

This is true, but one cannot hold an idea one believes to be false as true, so the idea that one believes what one believes to be true to tautological. This is also why I continue to research and attempt to expand my horizon. I even wander outside of my discipline at the risk of Dunning-Kruger errors.

In my recent work on ontology and grammar, I collided with Bourdieu, so I read his work. As helpful as it was, it served to reinforce my position, but from a position of Social Theory instead of Philosophy. When I read Judith Butler, I see how I might connect my ideas to Gender theory. It should be obvious that I’ve read much on Linguistics, but I am not a linguist. Our lenses all differ to some extent.

I’ve even corrected some of the ideas I’ve posted on this blog as I gain new information. To be fair, it’s a reason I post here. I hope to get feedback. I may not fully pursue alternative disciplines, but it’s nice to know they exist, and I can at least perform cursory surveys.

NotebookLM Infographic

Historically, many times I’d been claimed to be wrong because the person was coming from a differnt ontology. I might have been arguing something within the realm of Continental philosophy, and I’d get a critique from an Analytical philosopher. This is akin to a vegan critiquing a steak dinner. It may be valid within their ontological grammar, but it is not otherwise universal. It usually doesn’t take very long to assess one’s commitments to other grammars. That happened recently, when I encountered a philosophical Realist.

When I wouldn’t accept their position, eventually we arrived at this foundational point. Realism is a position I ontologically and grammatically reject. I’ve written several pieces defending or at least articulating my position, notably the Mediated Encounter Ontology (MEOW). Disagree? Tell me.

I used to be a Realist with an asterisk; then I was an Analytical Idealist with an asterisk; now, I believe in MEOW. The asterisk was necessary because there were holes in the position. When Analytical Idealism came around, there was still an asterisk, but it felt better than that of Realism. When I came up with MEOW, the asterisk went away. Perhaps you might consider that MEOW has an asterisk, if you believe it’s plausible at all. If so, what’s missing โ€“ what’s the known unknown? You obviously can’t articulate an unknown unknown.

When I write about ontology, grammar, and commensurability, I do not exempt myself from these biases. I have all of these challenges โ€“ perhaps even more so because I don’t tend to fit into the round holes very well myself. This helps me with intellectual humility.

Politically, I am often accused of being on the Left, but I reject the Left-Right paradigm as a valid lens for me; I am on a different axis. The Libertarians added an Authority-Liberty Y-axis to the Progressive-Conservative X-axis, but I am on a Z-axis, which is not to be fully described or accounted for on these planes. Think of the message of Flatland.

What if you’re wrong?

Hopefully, every philosopher understands this and has noticed the dustbin of history littered with wrong ideas.

When I publish essays, they are the result of research and deliberation. Could I be wrong? Again, I’ve been wrong before. I’ll be wrong again, but I need to understand why to change my position. I could shift my position or abandon it outright.

There was a time I believed people to be rational. I was an economist. I studied finance. I believed it until I didn’t. Behavioural Economics likely did the heavy lifting, but it’s likely that they believe that rationality-based systems are salvageable. I don’t. Not meaningfully. Not sustainably.

So, I can be wrong, and I can admit it.

I was once a closet (or adjacent) Libertarian until I realised it didn’t cohere with reality. My last declared stance was an Anarchosydicalist, but I know this isn’t quite right either โ€“ on multiple accounts.

Anyway, I’m not afraid of being wrong, and I’m not afraid of wittering on about it. Again, I appreciate constructive criticism. I’m also amicable to non-solutions in the manner of my Disโ€“Integration approach, but at least break down the pieces.

Contructivist Lens: Parody Artefact

1โ€“2 minutes

Another faux Magic: The Gathering trading card. I’ve been busy writing an essay on Tatterhood and wondering if I’ve gone off the edge even further into mental masturbation. I made these cards to share on slow news days, as it were.

[EDIT: Oops: Even wore. I already posted something today. Enjoy the bonus post.]

Every philosopher dreams of a device that reveals ‘truth’. The Constructivist Lens does the opposite. When you tap it, the world doesnโ€™t come into focus โ€“ it multiplies. Each pane shows the same thing differently, reminding us that knowing is always a form of making โ€“ seeing as building.

In The Discipline of Dis-Integration, I wrote that philosophyโ€™s task is ‘to remain within what persists โ€ฆ to study the tension in the threads rather than weave a new pattern’. The Lens embodies that ethic. It is not an instrument of discovery but of disclosure: a way to notice the scaffolding of perception without mistaking it for bedrock.

Where Enlightenment optics promised clarity, the Lens trades in parallax. It insists that perspective is not a flaw but the condition of vision itself. Each player who peers through it โ€“ artist, scientist, moralist โ€“ constructs a different coherence, none final. The cardโ€™s rule text captures this tension: replace any keyword on a permanent with a metaphor of your choice until end of turn. Reality bends, language shifts, yet the game continues.

In the Dis-Integration set, the Lens sits alongside Perspectival Realism and Language Game (not yet shared), forming the Blue triad of epistemic doubt. Together they dramatise what the essay calls ‘the hyphen as hinge’: the small pause between integration and its undoing. The Constructivist Lens, then, is not a tool for clearer sight but a reminder that every act of seeing is already an act of construction.

Why So Negative?

The Travelogue of a Recovering Enlightenment Subject

Iโ€™m asked endlessly โ€“ usually by people who still believe TED talks are a form of knowledge production โ€“ ‘Why are you so negative? Why must you tear things down if youโ€™ve no intention of replacing them?’

Itโ€™s adorable, really. Like watching a toddler demand that gravity apologise.

Theyโ€™ve been trained for years in the managerial catechism:

As if the world were some badly-run workshop in need of a fresh coat of agile methodology.

They might as well say, ‘Don’t tell me I can’t win at Lotto; give me money’.

I, too, would enjoy the spare universe. Or the winning Lotto ticket. And yes, one day I might even buy one. Until then, Iโ€™ve embraced the only adult philosophy left: Dis-Integrationism โ€“ the fine art of taking things apart without pretending they can be reassembled into anything coherent.

A Little History

My suspicion began early. Secondary school. All those civic fairytales whispered as if they were geology.

The ‘reasonable person’? Bollox.
‘Jury of oneโ€™s peers’? What are peers? Whose peers? I have no peers.
‘Impartial judges’? Please. Even as a teenager, I could see those robed magicians palming cards like bored street performers. Everyone else nodded along, grateful for the spectacle. I stared, wondering how the other children hadnโ€™t noticed the emperorโ€™s bare arse.

Later, I watched adults talk past each other with a fluency bordering on performance art. Not disagreement โ€“ different universes, cosmetically aligned by grammar.

A Federal mediator once tried to teach me that common ground could be manufactured. Not by clarifying meaning, mind you โ€“ that would have required honesty โ€“ but by rhetorical pressure and a touch of Jedi mind-trickery. Negotiation was simply controlled hallucination.

University communications classes offered temporary distraction with denotation and connotation, a little semantic drift, the illusion that language might be domesticated with enough theory. Charming. Almost convincing.

Then Gรถdel and Arrow arrived like two polite assassins and quietly removed the floorboards.

And then โ€“ happily, inevitably โ€“ Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard. Iโ€™d already danced with Beauvoir, Sartre, Camus. Iโ€™d ingested the Western canon like every obedient young acolyte: Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire. Americans force-feed their citizenry Jefferson and Franklin as moral fibre, as if the republic might otherwise suffer constipation.

It never gelled. Too much myth, too much marketing. The Enlightenment had the energy of a regime insisting on its own benevolence while confiscating your torch. To call oneself ‘enlightened’ should have raised suspicion โ€“ but no, the branding stuck.

Whenever les garรงons dared tug at the curtain, we were assured they simply didnโ€™t ‘understand’, or worse, they ‘hated civilisation’.

Image: “I would have gotten away with it if it weren’t for those meddling kids.”

Then Came the Internet

The digital age didnโ€™t usher in clarity โ€” it unmasked the whole pantomime.
Like Neo seeing the Matrix code or Roddy Piper slipping on the sunglasses in They Live, one suddenly perceives the circuitry: meaning as glitch, discourse as scaffolding, truth as a shabby stage-set blinking under fluorescent tubes.

Our civilisation speaks in metaphors it mistakes for mechanisms. The Enlightenment gave us the fantasy that language might behave, that concepts were furniture rather than fog. Musicians and artists always knew better. We swim in metaphor; we never expected words to bear weight. But philosophers kept pretending communication was a conveyor belt conveying ‘meaning units’ from A to B.

By 2018, the cracks were gaping. I began taking the notes that would metastasise into A Language Insufficiency Hypothesis โ€“ an attempt to map the hollow spaces between our words, the fractures we keep wallpapering with reason.

Half a decade later, the work is ready. Not to save anything โ€“ nothing here merits salvation โ€“ but to name the debris honestly.

If that sounds negative, good. Someone has to switch off the Enlightenmentโ€™s flickering lightbulb before it burns the whole house down.

Where This Road Actually Leads

People imagine negativity is a posture โ€“ a sort of philosophical eyeliner, worn for effect. But dismantling the worldโ€™s conceptual furniture isnโ€™t a hobby; itโ€™s the only reasonable response once youโ€™ve noticed the screws arenโ€™t actually attached to anything.

The Enlightenment promised us a palace. Step inside and you discover itโ€™s built out of IKEA flatpacks held together with wishful thinking and a prayer to Kant.

Once youโ€™ve seen that, you canโ€™t go back to pretending the furniture is sturdy.

You stop sitting.

You start tapping the beams.

You catalogue the wobble.

This is where Disโ€“Integrationism enters โ€“ not as a manifesto, but as the practice of refusing to live inside collapsing architecture out of sheer politeness. Negativity is simply the weather report.

The Lie We Keep Telling Ourselves

We cling to the fantasy that if we critique something long enough, a solution will crystallise out of the void, like enlightenment through sheer irritation. Itโ€™s the Protestant work ethic meets metaphysics: salvation through sufficient grumbling.

But critique is not alchemy. It unmakes. It refuses. It loosens the bolts we pretended were load-bearing.

Once you stop demanding that thought be constructive, you can finally see the world as it is: improvised, rhetorical, and permanently under renovation by people who donโ€™t read the instructions.

The Enlightenmentโ€™s heirs keep insisting there must be a blueprint. There isnโ€™t. There never was. Weโ€™ve merely been tracing the silhouettes of scaffolding, calling it a cathedral.

And Yet โ€“ Here We Still Are

The online age (God help us all) didnโ€™t deepen the crisis; it merely turned the lights on. What Enlightenment rationality hid beneath a tasteful layer of neoclassical varnish, the internet sprayed with fluorescent graffiti.

Turns out, when seven billion people speak at once, meaning doesnโ€™t ’emerge’; it buckles. Our systems werenโ€™t built for this volume of contradiction. Our language wasnโ€™t built for this density of metaphor. Our myths werenโ€™t built for this much empirical evidence against them.

And yet here we are, still demanding coherence from a medium held together by emojis and trauma. If you laugh, itโ€™s only to stop crying. If you critique, itโ€™s only because someone has to keep the fire marshal informed.

The Only Honest Next Step

Having traced the cracks, youโ€™re now in the foyer of the real argument โ€“ the one hanging like a neon sign over your entire Anti-Enlightenment project:

Language is insufficient. Agency is a fiction. Objectivity is an etiquette ritual. Democracy is a sรฉance. Progress is a hallucination with better marketing. And yet โ€“ life continues. People wake, work, argue, aspire, despair.

Dis-Integrationism isnโ€™t about nihilism; itโ€™s about maintenance. Not repairing the myth, but tending the human who must live among its debris. Not constructing new temples, but learning to see in the half-light once the old gods have gone.

The travelogue becomes a guidebook: Welcome to the ruins. Mind the uneven floor. Here is how we walk without pretending the path is paved.

The Fetish for Solutions

Here is the final indignity of the age: the demand that every critique come bundled with a solution, like some moral warranty card. As if naming the rot werenโ€™t labour enough. As if truth required a customer-service plan.

‘Where is your alternative?’ they ask, clutching Enlightenment logic the way a drowning man clutches a shopping receipt.

But solutions are the real tyranny. They arrive bearing the smile of reason and the posture of progress, and behind both sits the same old imperial instinct: replace ambiguity with order; replace lived complexity with a diagram. A solution is merely a problem wearing a fresh coat of confidence.

Worse, a solution presumes the system is sound, merely in need of adjustment. It imagines the structure holds. It imagines the furniture can be rearranged without collapsing into splinters, and the memory of Kant.

Solutions promise inevitability. They promise teleology. They promise that the mess can be disinfected if only one applies the correct solvent. This is theology masquerading as engineering.

The Violence of the Answer

A solution is a closure โ€“ a metaphysical brute force. It slams the window shut so no further interpretation can slip in through the draft. It stabilises the world by amputating everything that wriggles. Answers are how systems defend themselves. Theyโ€™re the intellectual equivalent of riot police: clean uniforms, straight lines, zero tolerance for nuance.

This is why the world keeps mistaking refusal for chaos. Refusal isnโ€™t chaos. It’s hygiene. It is the simple act of not adding more furniture to a house already bending under its own delusions. When you decline to provide a solution, you arenโ€™t abandoning the world. Youโ€™re declining to participate in its coercive optimism.

And So the Travelogue Ends Where It Must

Not in triumph or a bluepirnt, but in composure โ€“ the only posture left after the Enlightenmentโ€™s glare has dimmed. Negativity isnโ€™t sabotage; itโ€™s sobriety. Dis-Integrationism isnโ€™t cynicism; itโ€™s the refusal to replace one failing mythology with another wearing vegan leather.

A world obsessed with solutions cannot recognise maintenance as wisdom. It can’t tolerate ambiguity without reaching for a hammer. It can’t breathe unless someone somewhere is building a ladder to a future that never arrives.

So no โ€“ I won’t provide solutions. I won’t participate in the fantasy that the human condition can be patched with conceptual duct tape. I will not gift the Enlightenment a eulogy that surrenders to its grammar.

What I offer is far smaller and far more honest: Attention. Description. Steady hands in a collapsing house. And the simple dignity of refusing to lie about the architecture.

That, for now, is enough.

Hooray for Me โ€“ The 1,000-Download Threshold

2โ€“3 minutes

Some milestones arrive quietly; others tap you on the shoulder and whisper, โ€œWell? Are you going to gloat, or shall I?โ€

So here we are. The Anti-Enlightenment corpus โ€“ yes, that unruly battalion of essays insisting that the Enlightenment was less a dawn and more a flash-bang grenade into the human psyche โ€“ is about to pass 1,000 downloads across Zenodo and PhilArchive. By the time you read this, the counter will likely have ticked over, as if to confirm that a non-institutionally affiliated heretic can, in fact, find readers willing to squint at philosophy written in the half-light.

I should say something gracious. Something humble. Something befitting a scholar whoโ€™s spent far too much time dismantling the sacred furniture of modernity.

Instead, Iโ€™ll say this:

Hooray for me!

Video: Midjourney woman sketch for no apparent reason (no sound)

And hooray for you, the masochists who keep downloading this stuff.

Whether itโ€™s Objectivity Is Illusion, which politely reminds you that truth is just a social ritual in a lab coat, or Against Agency, where we pretend the autonomous self was ever more than Enlightenment-era fan fiction, or The Will to Be Ruled, in which we accept that most people would rather outsource their freedom to the nearest charismatic authoritarian โ€“ each piece contributes to the great unmasking of reasonโ€™s beloved myths.

If youโ€™ve made your way through The Illusion of Light (cloth or paperback โ€“ the cloth is for people who enjoy prestige bindings with their epistemic despair โ€“ or on Kindle for the ones who have already surrendered), youโ€™ve already walked the whole architecture: rooms filled with rational ghosts, temporal anxieties, moral fictions, and the faint smell of Enlightenment wiring beginning to smoulder.

And still you download. Saints, the lot of you.

A thousand reads does not confer legitimacy โ€“ nothing so vulgar โ€“ but it does confirm that the cracks in the Enlightenmentโ€™s porcelain faรงade are visible from more than one angle. It suggests that others, too, are learning to see in the dark, to navigate by afterglow rather than glare.

So: thank you.

For the curiosity.

For the tolerance of structural pessimism.

For indulging a scholar who insists on disassembling Western metaphysics one lovingly overlong sentence at a time.

Hereโ€™s to the next thousand. And the thousand after that. And to the collective, slow, post-Enlightenment work of maintenance in the half-light.

The Anti-Enlightenment lives on your hard drives now.

Thereโ€™s no taking it back.

On the Strange Politics of Solidarity

2โ€“3 minutes

A LinkedIn colleague posts this. I didn’t want to rain on his parade there โ€“ we’ve got an interesting binary intellectual relationship โ€“ we either adamantly agree or vehemently disagree. This reflects the latter. The title is revelatory โ€“ the all-caps, his:

SOLIDARITY IS THE NECESSARY LINK BETWEEN VIRTUE & COMMON GOOD

It opens like this:

A good society requires more than virtuous individuals and fair institutions: it requires a mediating moral principle capable of binding persons, communities, and structures into a shared project of human flourishing.

Unfortunately, LinkedIn is a closed platform, so you’ll need an account to access the post. Anywayโ€ฆ

Audio: NotebookLM summary podcast of this topic.

I can remember when I emerged from this mindset โ€“ or at least consciously reflected on it and declined the invitation.

Video clip: Because I felt like it. (No Sound)

When I was 10 years old, I remember thinking about historical ‘National Socialism’ โ€“ wouldn’t it be nice if we were all on the same page in solidarity? Then I realised that I’d have to be on their page; they wouldn’t be on mine.

Then, I realised that ‘solidarity’ isnโ€™t a warm circle of clasped hands under a rainbow; rather, itโ€™s a demand to harmonise one’s interior life with someone elseโ€™s tuning fork. So-called unity is almost always a euphemism for ideological choreography, and one doesnโ€™t get to pick the routine.

Children are sold the Sesame Street version of solidarity, where everyone shares crayons and sings about common purpose. Cue the Beach Boys: Wouldn’t It Be Nice?

Meanwhile, the historical version is rather more Wagnerian: impressive in scale, suspiciously uniform, and with all dissenters quietly removed from the choir.

My childhood self intuited precisely what my adult writing has since anatomised:

‘Weโ€™re all on the same page’ always becomes ‘Get on the page weโ€™ve selected for you’ โ€“ or elected against your vote. The fantasy of we dissolves into the machinery of they.

This isn’t a bug in the system; that is the system. Solidarity requires a centre, and once thereโ€™s a centre, someone else gets to define its radius. Even the gentle, ethical, cotton-wool versions still rely on boundary enforcement: who belongs in the shared project, who must adjust their cadence, who is politely removed for ‘disrupting the collective good’. I’m more often apt to be that person than not. History merely illustrates the principle at scale; the mechanism is universal.

Anyway, this is how my brain works, and how I think how I do, and write what I write. As much as I witter on about episodic selves, this remains a prevalent continuity.

Psychology of Totalitarianism

I finished Mattias Desmetโ€™s The Psychology of Totalitarianism, which I mentioned the other day. Unfortunately, my initial optimism was premature. Everything I enjoyed was front-loaded: the first four chapters set up a promising critique of mechanistic rationality and the collapse of shared meaning. Then the book turned into a long, therapeutic sermon. I should have stopped at Chapter 4 and saved myself the sunk-cost regret.

It isnโ€™t that nothing follows; itโ€™s just that what follows is so thin that the cost-benefit ratio goes negative. Once Desmet moves from diagnosis to prescription, the argument collapses into a psychologistโ€™s worldview: an entire civilisation explained through mass neurosis and healed through better intuition. He builds his case on straw versions of reason, science, and modernity, so his ‘cure’ can look revelatory.

The trouble is familiar. Having dismantled rationalism, Desmet then installs intuition as its replacement โ€“ an epistemic monarchy by another name. His appeal to empathy and connection reads less like philosophy and more like professional self-promotion. The therapist canโ€™t stop therapising; he privileges the psychological lens over every other possibility.

The result is a reductionist parascience dressed as social theory. The totalitarian mind, in Desmetโ€™s telling, isnโ€™t political or structural but psychological โ€“ a patient waiting for insight. I donโ€™t doubt his sincerity, only his scope. Itโ€™s what happens when a discipline mistakes its vocabulary for the world.

Desmetโ€™s project ultimately re-enchants what it claims to critique. He wants rationalism redeemed through feeling, order reborn through connection. Dis-Integrationism stops short of that impulse. It accepts fracture as the permanent condition โ€“ no higher synthesis, no therapeutic finale. Where Desmet sees totalitarianism as a collective pathology awaiting treatment, I see it as reasonโ€™s own reflection in the mirror: a system trying to cure itself of the only disease it knows, the need to be whole.

Lโ€™Illusion de la lumiรจre

1โ€“2 minutes

Un court message aujourdโ€™hui.

Je travaille ร  la traduction de The Illusion of Light : Thinking After the Enlightenment (Lโ€™Illusion de la lumiรจre : Penser aprรจs les Lumiรจres) en franรงais, avec lโ€™aide de quelques outils linguistiques et dโ€™un peu dโ€™intelligence artificielle. Jโ€™ai bon espoir que le processus sera fructueux. Souhaitez-moi bonne chance.

Je dois beaucoup aux penseurs franรงais, dโ€™hier comme dโ€™aujourdโ€™hui. Traduire ce texte est donc, ร  ma maniรจre, une forme de reconnaissance. Mon plus grand dรฉfi sera de prรฉserver un franรงais ร  la fois contemporain et fidรจle ร  ma voix โ€“ moins prosaรฏque que poรฉtique.
Mes excuses dโ€™avance aux Quรฉbรฉcois.

Image: โ€œWe have confused the act of exposure with the act of understanding.โ€

In English, I am translating The Illusion of Light into French, so I’m leaving just this short note today.

I donโ€™t know any other languages well enough to attempt a translation myself, but with a few capable software partners, Iโ€™m confident the process will end well.

For the record, Iโ€™m using these tools:

  • Reverso โ€” Iโ€™ve used it for years and still find it helpful. It provides plenty of contextual examples, which helps ensure Iโ€™ve captured the right nuance.
  • ChatGPT โ€” My go-to AI partner; it gets the second pass.
  • Claude โ€” Iโ€™m consistently impressed with its suggested amendments. Where Reverso is precise, Claude tends to catch idiomatic usage better.
  • Mistral โ€” Itโ€™s French, after all. What can I say? A bit pedantic, perhaps, but another set of virtual eyes canโ€™t hurtโ€”can they?

Whilst Iโ€™m sure these tools could manage other languages, I want to be able to evaluate what theyโ€™re doing. In French, even if I donโ€™t know a particular word, I can verify it, and I understand the grammar. With other languages, Iโ€™d simply be trusting a black box.

Besides, French culture and philosophy have influenced me so deeply that the least I can do is offer something back. As this translation is an overview of my English-language essays, I hope it provides some in-language context.

I know how difficult translated works can be to read, so if Iโ€™m overseeing the process, at least thereโ€™s one fewer filter between my thoughts and the reader.

Positive Disintegration

1โ€“2 minutes

Itโ€™s remarkable what surfaces when one lingers deliberately in a given space. In this case, Kazimierz Dฤ…browskiโ€™s Theory of Positive Disintegration has drifted into view.

As often happens, we find agreement in the opening movement and parts of the second, but part company in Act III. Thatโ€™s where Dis-Integration begins. Like many before and after him, Dฤ…browski tries to reconstruct atop a compromised foundation. This can only fail. The scaffolding may hold for a time, but reality has a way of reminding us it was never load-bearing. Eventually, the quake comes, and the structure folds in on itself.

Japan, of course, knows this. Earthquakes are not hypothetical there; they are assumed. Traditional builders worked with the instability, designing dwellings that could flex, even collapse, without killing their inhabitants. James Clavellโ€™s Shลgun is not scripture, but it captures the principle: impermanence as an architectural ethic.

Image: Shirakawa-go by Colette English

Then thereโ€™s kintsugi โ€“ the gold-laced repair of broken pottery. The break is not erased but acknowledged, even exalted. The resulting vessel bears the evidence of its fracture, made stronger not by restoration to an imagined wholeness but by visible accommodation of its failure.

Image: ้‡‘็ถ™ใŽ, [kสฒintอกsษฏษกสฒi], lit.โ€‰’golden joinery

If Dฤ…browski had stopped there โ€“ if his ‘positive disintegration’ had remained a celebration of fracture rather than a prelude to rebuilding โ€“ we might have been entirely aligned.

Missing Pieces of the Anti-Enlightenment Project

5โ€“8 minutes

I’ve just added a new entry to my Anti-Enlightenment corpus, bringing the total to seven โ€“ not counting my latest book, The Illusion of Light, that summarises the first six essays and places them in context. This got me thinking about what aspects of critique I might be missing. Given this, what else might I be missing?

Audio: NotebookLM podcast discussion of this topic.

So far, I’ve touched on the areas in the top green table and am considering topics in the bottom red/pink table:

Summary Schema โ€“ The Anti-Enlightenment Project โ€“ Published Essays

AxisCore QuestionRepresentative Essay(s)
EpistemicWhat counts as โ€œtruthโ€?Objectivity Is Illusion: An Operating Model of Social and Moral Reasoning
PoliticalWhat holds power together?Rational Ghosts: Why Enlightenment Democracy Was Built to Fail; Temporal Ghosts: Tyranny of the Present
PsychologicalWhy do subjects crave rule?Against Agency: The Fiction of the Autonomous Self; The Will to Be Ruled: Totalitarianism and the Fantasy of Freedom
AnthropologicalWhat makes a โ€œnormalโ€ human?The Myth of Homo Normalis: Archaeology of the Legible Human
EthicalHow to live after disillusionment?The Discipline of Dis-Integration: Philosophy Without Redemption

Summary Schema โ€“ The Anti-Enlightenment Project โ€“ Unpublished Essays

AxisCore QuestionRepresentative Essay
Theological (Metaphysical)What remains sacred once transcendence is dismantled?The Absent God: Metaphysics After Meaning
Aesthetic (Affective)How did beauty become moral instruction?The Aesthetic Contract: Beauty as Compliance
Ecological (Post-Human)What happens when the world refuses to remain in the background?The Uncounted World: Ecology and the Non-Human
Linguistic (Semiotic)How does language betray the clarity it promises?The Fractured Tongue: Language Against Itself
Communal (Social Ontology)Can there be community without conformity?The Vanished Commons: Between Isolation and Herd

Below is a summary of the essays already published. These are drawn verbatim from the Anti-Enlightenment Project page.

1. Objectivity Is Illusion: An Operating Model of Social and Moral Reasoning

Published September 2025

Objectivity, in the social and moral sense, is a performance โ€“ a consensus mechanism mistaken for truth. This essay maps how โ€œobjectivityโ€ operates as a scaffold for Enlightenment rationality, masking moral preference as neutral judgment. It introduces a five-premise model showing that what we call objectivity is merely sustained agreement under shared illusions of coherence. The argument reframes moral reasoning as provisional and participatory rather than universal or fixed.

โ†’ Read on Zenodo

2. Rational Ghosts: Why Enlightenment Democracy Was Built to Fail

Published October 2025
The Enlightenment built democracy for rational ghosts โ€“ imagined citizens who never existed. This essay dissects six contradictions at the foundation of โ€œrationalโ€ governance and shows why democracyโ€™s collapse was prewritten in its metaphysics. From mathematical impossibility to sociological blindness, it charts the crisis of coherence that modern politics still calls freedom.
โ†’ Read on Zenodo

3. Temporal Ghosts: Tyranny of the Present

Published October 2025
Modern democracies worship the now. This essay examines presentism โ€“ the systemic bias toward immediacy โ€“ as a structural flaw of Enlightenment thinking. By enthroning rational individuals in perpetual โ€œdecision time,โ€ modernity erased the unborn from politics. What remains is a political theology of the short term, collapsing both memory and imagination.
โ†’ Read on Zenodo

4. Against Agency: The Fiction of the Autonomous Self

Published October 2025
โ€œAgencyโ€ is not a metaphysical faculty โ€“ itโ€™s an alibi. This essay dismantles the myth of the autonomous self and reframes freedom as differential responsiveness: a gradient of conditions rather than a binary of will. Drawing on philosophy, neuroscience, and decolonial thought, it argues for ethics as maintenance, not judgment, and politics as condition-stewardship.
โ†’ Read on Zenodo

5. The Discipline of Dis-Integration: Philosophy Without Redemption

Published October 2025

This essay formalises Dis-Integrationism โ€“ a philosophical method that refuses synthesis, closure, and the compulsive need to โ€œmake whole.โ€ It traces how Enlightenment reason, deconstruction, and therapy culture all share a faith in reintegration: the promise that whatโ€™s fractured can be restored. Against this, Dis-Integrationism proposes care without cure, attention without resolution โ€“ a discipline of maintaining the broken as broken. It closes the Anti-Enlightenment loop by turning critique into a sustained practice rather than a path to redemption.

โ†’ Read on Zenodo

6. The Myth of Homo Normalis: Archaeology of the Legible Human

Published October 2025

Modernityโ€™s most persistent myth is the โ€œnormalโ€ human. This essay excavates how legibility โ€“ the drive to measure, categorise, and care โ€“ became a form of control. From Queteletโ€™s statistical man to Foucaultโ€™s biopower and todayโ€™s quantified emotion, Homo Normalis reveals the moral machinery behind normalisation. It ends with an ethics of variance: lucidity without repair, refusal without despair.

โ†’ Read on Zenodo

7. The Will to Be Ruled: Totalitarianism and the Fantasy of Freedom

Published October 2025

This essay examines how the Enlightenmentโ€™s ideal of autonomy contains the seed of its undoing. The rational, self-governing subject โ€“ celebrated as the triumph of modernity โ€“ proves unable to bear the solitude it creates. As freedom collapses into exhaustion, the desire for direction re-emerges as devotion. Drawing on Fromm, Arendt, Adorno, Reich, Han, and Desmet, The Will to Be Ruled traces the psychological gradient from fear to obedience, showing how submission is moralised as virtue and even experienced as pleasure. It concludes that totalitarianism is not a deviation from reason but its consummation, and that only through Dis-Integrationism โ€“ an ethic of maintenance rather than mastery โ€“ can thought remain responsive as the light fades.

โ†’ Read on Zenodo

Below are possible future topics for this series*

8. The Absent God: Metaphysics After Meaning

Axis: Theological / Metaphysical
Core Question: What remains sacred once transcendence is dismantled?

Concept:
This essay would trace how Enlightenment humanism replaced God with reason, only to inherit theologyโ€™s structure without its grace. It might read Spinoza, Kantโ€™s moral law, and modern technocracy as secularised metaphysics โ€“ systems that still crave universal order.
Goal: To show that disenchantment never erased faith; it simply redirected worship toward cognition and control.
Possible subtitle: The Enlightenmentโ€™s Unconfessed Religion.

9. The Aesthetic Contract: Beauty as Compliance

Axis: Aesthetic / Affective
Core Question: How did beauty become moral instruction?

Concept:
From Kantโ€™s Critique of Judgment to algorithmic taste cultures, aesthetic judgment serves social order by rewarding harmony and punishing dissonance. This essay would expose the politics of form โ€“ how beauty trains attention and regulates emotion.
Goal: To reclaim aesthetics as resistance, not refinement.
Possible subtitle: Why Modernity Needed the Beautiful to Behave.

10. The Uncounted World: Ecology and the Non-Human

Axis: Ecological / Post-Human
Core Question: What happens when the world refuses to remain background?

Concept:
Here you dismantle the Enlightenment split between subject and nature. From Cartesian mechanism to industrial rationalism, the natural world was cast as resource. This essay would align Dis-Integrationism with ecological thinking โ€“ care without mastery extended beyond the human.
Goal: To reframe ethics as co-maintenance within an unstable biosphere.
Possible subtitle: Beyond Stewardship: Ethics Without Anthropos.

11. The Fractured Tongue: Language Against Itself

Axis: Linguistic / Semiotic
Core Question: How does language betray the clarity it promises?

Concept:
Every Anti-Enlightenment text already hints at this: language as both the instrument and failure of reason. Drawing on Nietzsche, Derrida, Wittgenstein, and modern semiotics, this essay could chart the entropy of meaning โ€“ the collapse of reference that makes ideology possible.
Goal: To formalise the linguistic fragility underlying every rational system.
Possible subtitle: The Grammar of Collapse.

12. The Vanished Commons: Between Isolation and Herd

Axis: Communal / Social Ontology
Core Question: Can there be community without conformity?

Concept:
This would return to the psychological and political threads of The Will to Be Ruled, seeking a space between atomised autonomy and synchronized obedience. It might turn to Arendtโ€™s notion of the world between us or to indigenous and feminist relational models.
Goal: To imagine a non-totalitarian togetherness โ€“ a responsive collective rather than a collective response.
Possible subtitle: The Ethics of the Incomplete We.

* These essays may never be published, but I share this here as a template to further advance the Anti-Enlightenment project and fill out the corpus.

The Will to Be Ruled: Totalitarianism and the Fantasy of Freedom

1โ€“2 minutes

The latest addition to the Anti-Enlightenment Project is now live on Zenodo:
The Will to Be Ruled: Totalitarianism and the Fantasy of Freedom

Modern liberal democracies still chant the Enlightenmentโ€™s refrain: the rational, self-governing individual acting freely within a moral order of their own design. Itโ€™s an elegant myth โ€“ until the self begins to wobble. Under economic, cultural, and epistemic strain, autonomy curdles into exhaustion, and exhaustion seeks relief in obedience.

Audio: NotebookLM podcast of this essay. Please note that this audio summarises the entire essay. As such, it’s also longer than most, coming in at just under 40 minutes. I listened to it, and I feel it does a good job of capturing the essences of the essay. Of course, you could read the essay more quickly, but the perspective may still be helpful.

This essay traces that drift โ€“ from the Enlightenmentโ€™s causa sui complex to the ecstatic submission that defines modern authoritarianism. Drawing on Fromm, Arendt, Adorno, Reich, Han, and Desmet, it explores how freedomโ€™s rhetoric becomes its opposite: obedience moralised as virtue, conformity sold as courage, submission experienced as pleasure.

At its core, The Will to Be Ruled argues that totalitarianism is not the antithesis of Enlightenment reason but its fulfilment. Once the world is rendered intelligible only through rational mastery, the subject inevitably longs to be mastered in return.

The closing section introduces Dis-Integrationism โ€“ a philosophical stance that declines redemption, preferring maintenance over mastery. It offers no cure, only the small ethic of attentiveness: keeping the field responsive while the light fades.

Filed under the Anti-Enlightenment Project, this essay completes the current thematic triad alongside Objectivity Is Illusion and Against Agency.

NB: This essay was inspired in part by Desmet’s The Psychology of Totalitarianism and this video:

Video: The Modern World, Totalitarianism and the Brain with Iain McGilchrist & Mattias Desmet